Medical Law Journal

fa لزوم یا جواز قراردادهای انتقال اعضای بدن از منظر حقوق پزشکی و فقه اسلامی The Necessity or Permissibility of Contracts for the Transfer of Human Organs from the Perspective of Medical Law and Islamic Jurisprudence پژوهشي Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;">زمینه و هدف: قانون‌گذار در ماده واحده قانون پیوند اعضای بیماران فوت‌شده یا بیمارانی که مرگ مغزی آنان مسلم است، مصوب 1379 پیوند اعضای بدن انسان را نسبت به اشخاص فوت‌شده و مرگ مغزی پذیرفته، لکن نسبت به قراردادهای راجع به انتقال اعضای بدن از اشخاص زنده حکم صریحی در قوانین مدون وجود ندارد. روش: این تحقیق از نوع نظری بوده و ‌روش آن به صورت توصیفی ـ تحلیلی با ابزار کتابخانه‌ای می‌باشد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تمام مراحل نگارش پژوهش حاضر، ضمن رعایت اصالت متون، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است. یافته‌ها: به نظر می‌رسد فارغ از نوع قراردادی که توجیه‌کننده ماهیت حقوقی این قراردادها باشد، به رغم اصل لزوم قراردادها، در این مورد خاص به جهت ارتباط مستقیم آن با تمامیت جسمانی شخص و رابطه تنگاتنگ آن با حقوق مربوط به شخصیت، بایستی چنین قراردادهایی را در زمره قرادادهای جایز طبقه‌بندی نمود. نتیجه‌گیری: مادام که پیوند عضو از انسان زنده به دیگری صورت نپذیرفته، این قراردادها به هر شکل و با هر دلیل قابل فسخ، لکن پس از انجام عمل پیوند، عضو پیوندیافته در حکم تلف‌شده محسوب و نیز به دلیل کرامت و حرمت حقوق مربوط به شخصیت و تمامیت جسمانی دریافت‌کننده پیوند و نیز به استناد اصاله‌اللزوم نمی‌توان قائل به حق فسخ چنین قراردادهایی شد.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Background and Aim: By enacting the Single-Article Law on the Transplantation of Organs from Deceased Patients or Patients with Confirmed Brain Death in 2000, the Iranian legislature recognized the transplantation of human organs from deceased persons and individuals whose brain death has been conclusively established. However, Iranian statutory law contains no explicit provision governing contracts concerning the transfer of human organs from living persons. Method: This is a theoretical study employing a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library-based research. Ethical Considerations: Throughout all stages of the preparation of this study, the originality of the texts, honesty, and academic integrity were observed. Results: It appears that, irrespective of the type of contract invoked to characterize the legal nature of such agreements, and notwithstanding the principle of contractual binding force, such contracts should, in this particular context, be classified as revocable contracts (ʿaqd-e jāyez). This is attributable to their direct connection with the bodily integrity of the individual and their close relationship with personality rights. Conclusion: Until an organ has actually been transplanted from a living person into another individual, such contracts may be revoked in any manner and on any ground. However, following the completion of the transplantation procedure, the transplanted organ is deemed, for legal purposes, to have been destroyed or consumed. Moreover, in view of the dignity and inviolability of the recipient’s personality rights and bodily integrity, and on the basis of the principle of contractual binding force, the parties cannot be regarded as having a right to revoke such contracts after transplantation has taken place. Background and Aim: By enacting the Single-Article Law on the Transplantation of Organs from Deceased Patients or Patients with Confirmed Brain Death in 2000, the Iranian legislature recognized the transplantation of human organs from deceased persons and individuals whose brain death has been conclusively established. However, Iranian statutory law contains no explicit provision governing contracts concerning the transfer of human organs from living persons. Method: This is a theoretical study employing a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on library-based research. Ethical Considerations: Throughout all stages of the preparation of this study, the originality of the texts, honesty, and academic integrity were observed. Results: It appears that, irrespective of the type of contract invoked to characterize the legal nature of such agreements, and notwithstanding the principle of contractual binding force, such contracts should, in this particular context, be classified as revocable contracts (ʿaqd-e jāyez). This is attributable to their direct connection with the bodily integrity of the individual and their close relationship with personality rights. Conclusion: Until an organ has actually been transplanted from a living person into another individual, such contracts may be revoked in any manner and on any ground. However, following the completion of the transplantation procedure, the transplanted organ is deemed, for legal purposes, to have been destroyed or consumed. Moreover, in view of the dignity and inviolability of the recipient’s personality rights and bodily integrity, and on the basis of the principle of contractual binding force, the parties cannot be regarded as having a right to revoke such contracts after transplantation has taken place.</div> پیوند اعضا, پیونددهنده زنده, اصل لزوم, قابلیت فسخ, حقوق مربوط به شخصیت, تمامیت جسمانی, کرامت انسانی Organ Transplantation, Living Donor, Principle of Contractual Binding Force, Revocability, Personality Rights, Bodily Integrity, Human Dignity 691 705 http://ijmedicallaw.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2452-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Hamid Reza Aghdastinat حمیدرضا اقدس‌طینت h.aghdastinat@uk.ac.ir 100319475328460016084 0009-0001-5259-7182 Yes Department of Theology, Faculty of Law and Theology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. گروه الهیات، دانشکده حقوق و الهیات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران. Ali Rafiee Moghadam علی رفیعی مقدم 100319475328460016085 100319475328460016085 No Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Theology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و الهیات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.