Nowadays spiritual and mental restoration as well as the physical treatment is supposed to be one the important tasks of hospitals. This goal is achieved by employing expert physicians, making use of modern medical instruments, and establishing suitable physical space. However, lawyers pay less attention to the civil liability of hospitals. Common law considers civil liability of hospitals, theory of external delegation, and vicarious liability, but judicial precedent of the countries following common law tend to accept vicarious liability in cases of neglect in treatment. In Iranian law there is some doubt about projecting external delegations for physicians. Though it is rational (logical) to establish vicarious liability of hospitalsfor medical neglect.