Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2
5
2008
6
1
People living with HIV/AIDS Figurative citizens with symbolic rights
13
52
FA
Amir
Samavati Piroz
Zahra
Shirzad Nazarlo
In the area of citizenship rights studies people living with HIV/AIDS constitute a range of citizens who are deprived of the status of which every citizens deserves because of undue social stigma as infected or immoral people. In the view of traditional believe and negative perceptions about people living with HIV/AIDS penetrated to other citizens minds and putting together with the factors led to their marginalization and passive role in society the origin of declining citizenship rights can pave the way to take a comprehensive outlook to the necessity of providing legislative measurements to protect this range of citizens. With pondering the new approaches in the area of citizenship rights the author tries to review preventive and protective measures in the benefit of people living with HIV/AIDS with making clear the manifestations of citizenship rights based on humanitarian rights doctrines including right to job opportunities right to accessing treatment and health services, right to movement and right to privacy. In the light of international guidelines existing capacities of national statutes, this article tries to discuss the challenges which people living with HIV/AIDS face, when accessing and using citizenship rights whose reflection can be observed in waning their status in the society. doubtless, lack of sensitizing the citizenship rights doctrines with respect to the status of people living with HIV/AIDS, will designate them a decisive fate facing discriminatory behaviors when using the instances of citizenship rights.
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2
5
2008
6
1
AIDS and Supportive Mechanisms of Human Rights
53
83
FA
Mahmoud
Abbasi
Ladan
Abbasiyan
Guidelines of world health organization for legal documents related to AIDS included many statutes that ratify hasty by those statesmen that eager to response strongly against AIDS. One of the purposes of this research is to help the statesman and legislators to codify statues that conform to the public health and human rights principle. It must be considered that Different and innovative reactions to AIDS would be encouraged if they conform to international principles of human rights. Principles of human rights provide best practical samples in reaction to AIDS from rich source of values, tradition and social, cultural and economical custom of all around the word. Positive case studies would be described and analyzed for showing the method of reaching to this belief. Sometime negative samples would be analyzed to show that why and how some reactions are not affective and what is the reason of changing and abandonment of these methods. Therefore in order to reach a comprehensive solution we must Emphasize on social participation and human rights principles and this fact that government and civil institutions and all of the society must work together to prevent and treat this disease. Thus supportive mechanisms of human rights, social participation and international cooperation along with human rights guidelines and reliance on protective statutes are the pivotal points in overtopping the nowadays problems of AIDS so we hope that study of this matters cause a fundamental change in the field of reaction to AIDS/HIV.
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2
5
2008
6
1
Human Rights, AIDS and Public Health
85
104
FA
Mohsen
Sirghani
Aids has turned into a significant development crisis and the UN Secretary General has allocated a great portion of its commitments to Aids to the extent that both in the special UN assembly and in the reports to the World Leaders Summit has dealt with them .The Aids is a universal epidemic issue and has been scattered in all parts of the world it has involved all continents in a way that national reactions, as well as regional and global co-operations against it are required. In order to fight against this fatal disease , not only has the UN, but also WHO, World Labor Organization ,UN Population Fund, UN Anti – drugs Campaign, UN Development Fund for Women, World Bank and other respective global institutions have been beseeched . Promoting a permanently- effective reaction based on the human rights against Aids resulting in reduction of discriminations in connection with this disease in business areas and /or any other areas shall turn into realization by allowing the HIV positives to participate in promoting, protecting and respecting the human rights in the framework of Prevention, Control and care programs .
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2
5
2008
6
1
Le Sida et La Responsabilité Civile de l'Etat
105
118
FA
samira
mohammadi
Lorsqu’on s’interroge sur sa propre identité de l'Etat face au problème du sida, il faut certes y réfléchir un moment, tant les références personnelles en la matière peuvent être diverses. Nous avons toutes et tous une idée, une image, une réaction face au mot sida, ce que cela représente pour nous, nos proches, nos connaissances, celles et ceux qui en sont atteints. Lorsque cette même question est posée à l’Etat, cela se complique. En effet, la contamination par le virus du Sida dans une sens globale a donné lieu aux contentieux les plus divers: mise en jeu de la responsabilité pénale et même, des poursuites pénales diligentées contre les principaux responsables du Centre national de la transfusion sanguine, saisine de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, demandes d'indemnisation formulées par les transfusés devant le fonds d'indemnisation dans certains pays dont les décisions sont susceptibles de recours devant la Cour d'appel, actions en responsabilité civile de droit commun devant le juge judiciaire ,actions en responsabilité civile devant le juge administratif. D'ailleurs les victimes ont, pour l'essentiel, dirigé leurs actions contre l'Etat excipant d'une faute commise par ce dernier dans l'exercice de ses pouvoirs de police de la santé publique et qu'ils ont largement obtenu gain de cause tant en première instance qu'en appel ou en cassation même si les trois degrés de juridiction se sont séparés sur la plupart des problèmes soulevés par les litiges.
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2
5
2008
6
1
Le Sida et les Droits de l’Homme à travers des arrêts de la CEDH
119
136
FA
Amin
Jafari
Le malade contaminé par le Sida subit une double souffrance: souffrance physique tout d’abord, du fait des douleurs provoquées par sa maladie, douleur morale et sociale enfin, en raison des attitudes de rejet dont il est l'objet de la part des personnes effrayées par le virus. Le Sida demeure encore un sujet tabou dans plusieurs pays. Ce qui se traduit souvent par un non-respect des droits de l'individu contaminé, voir même l’existence d’une sorte de discrimination à son encontre. Aujourd’hui, la protection des Droits de l’Homme est inscrite dans plusieurs conventions internationales et régionales, dont celle de la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme, qui nous paraît la plus significative. Cette Convention, avec la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme, l’institution garante de la Convention, doublée d'une jurisprudence de plus d’un demi-siècle, assure une meilleure protection en matière de Droits de l’Homme. Il revient donc à la CEDH de développer son "bouclier juridique" afin de mieux protéger les personnes contaminées par le virus. Néanmoins nous montrerons dans cet article l’existence de certains arrêts qui illustrent une politique en décalage avec celle de la Convention et des arrêts antérieurs. Ce fait est en particulier aisément décelable en matière d’éloignement forcé des étrangers contaminés. À nos yeux, il serait donc préférable pour la CEDH de prendre des décisions plus harmonieuses avec les principes originels en considérant davantage la dure situation de ces malades. C’est ainsi que le respect des droits des malades du Sida sera garanti.
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2
5
2008
6
1
AIDS AND CRIMINAL LAW
137
168
FA
Seyed Reza
Ehsanpour
This article explores the issue arising when a person, knowing that he or she is anti-HIV positive, proceeds to engage in intimate sexual behavior with another, and asks whether he or she is liable for criminal prosecution. This study considers arguments for and against criminalization .in the light of the government refusal to legislate in this area, the study considers the possible sanctions under existing criminal law, providing a brief analysis of different sections of the Islamic criminal law. It reviews and counters possible problems with the use of these sections and concludes that some of them such as murder and transmission of STD and not others like attempt murder, inflecting GBH, threatening public health could be used to prosecute this type of behavior.
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2
5
2008
6
1
Aids and protection of children With emphasizing of human rights
169
189
FA
Afsaneh
Ghanbari
Human rights for reducing harm from AIDS and mitigation of vital epidemic effects , were explained clearly in the universal declaration of human rights , pact of commercial, social and cultural law , pact of political and civil law, treaty of elimination all kind of discrimination upon women and treaty of child law. The elimination of discrimination principles, equality before law and partnership are base of any effective strategy about AIDS in the connection of human rights. In other word the principles of human rights have more connection with preservation of respect's affected by AIDS and to prevent spread of infection. In this connection, the poor children and those are damaged, exploited, and harmed they need more attention and protection specially who are in the unpleasant conditions such as weapon incidents, feeble governments, discrimination and prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The statue is the best frame for protection patients affected by HIV/AIDS and it is cause to change society attitudes to these persons. The states under take most important responsibility fair hearing regarding the child law and they should act about these cases 1-Strong researches for effective programming 2- Application of the national law to instances international obligations about children and they should rectify or revoke them which give authenticity to the discrimination. 3- Financing and eradication of poverty. And also, effective measures such as available ant retroviruses drugs, widely for all newborn neonatal, to be access essential services for damaged children such as: education, hygienic supervisions, to present mental and spiritual protections for harmed children affected by AIDS And to use mass media as a mean proper instrument to knowledge children and help them against infection.