per
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2476-7158
2017-03
11
40
7
29
article
Role of NGOs in Promotion of Human Rights: Case Study of International Planned Parenthood Federation on HIV/AIDS Prevention
Mohammad Javad Javid
1
Safieh Shahriari Afshar
2
Abbas Souri
sa.internationallaw@gmail.com
3
Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Health Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Law, Central Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding author)
Non-Governmental Organizations are non-profit and non-dependent to the Governmental Organizations and can participate at all levels of society activities such as Health issues. One of the international NGOs is International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) that is active on health and especially on prevention of HIV/AIDS. The survey has been implemented by independent variable on IPPF activities and dependent variable on Human Rights. The main objective is to study the role of IPPF in promotion health aspects of Human Rights by prevention of HIV/AIDS. The survey follow up the subject (what is the main role of IPPF in promoting health aspects of human rights). Survey method is data gathering by questionnaire distributed between 161 member associations of IPPF, the sample size is 65 that questionnaires has been filled out by CEOs, volunteers, program managers and stakeholders of Member Associations . The methods are Delphi and 0/9 Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis are upon presumption indicators by Statistic and in addition of calculating distribution of frequencies tables, percentages and indicators of averages and variances. According the result of this survey indicates that Non–Governmental Organizations and especially International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) has a main role in promotion of human rights on health issue by prevention of HIV/AIDS.
Please cite this article as: Javid MJ, Shahriari Afshar S, Souri A. Role of NGOs on Promotion of Human Rights: Case Study of International Planned Parenthood Federation on HIV/AIDS Prevention. Iran J Med Law 2017; 10(40): 7-29.
http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-704-en.pdf
Human Rights
Non-Governmental Organizations
International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF)
Health
HIV/Aids
per
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2476-7158
2017-03
11
40
31
60
article
Impact of Early Marriage on Children\'s Sexual Health and Mechanisms of Deal with It
Mohammad Mahdi Meghdadi
1
Maryam Javadpour
javadpour89@yahoo.com
2
Department of Law, Mofid University, Qom, Iran
Department of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
The most important human concession than other beings is the ability to grow, talent and perfection in his/her existence; But this advantage requires that parents do their responsibilities properly against children and provide a suitable and adequate facilities for they. Hence, the appropriate age of marriage is very important in formation of family; therefore, couples must have been necessary conditions for marriage, such as: physical and mental growth, and social readiness. Unfortunately, sometimes early marriage happens for different reasons, which often involves abuse, violence against children and serious conflicts with their rights. Because, it is often forcible and usually without the consent of the parties and no doubt the child in this process is not able to understand the options, more opportunities and benefit of better rights and conditions.
In the present study, a descriptive - analysis - comparative method was applied by relying on Imamiya jurisprudence and human rights international system to the causes and effects of early marriage on children's sexual health and its prevention strategies. The results showed that the causes as: poverty, social and cultural factors, family honor and dignity and etc. provide the field of early marriage, that despite the clear characteristics of childhood in marriage and lack of education and social necessary awareness could be lead to violation of the child rights and violence against he/she. On the other hand, it can affect children's sexual health and lead to physical and mental illness, an increase the pregnancies, preterm parturition and etc. Hence, the promotion of awareness and anticipation assignments and determining appropriate penalties, such a phenomenon limited and reduces the possibility of such consequences.
Please cite this article as: Meghdadi MM, Javadpour M. Impact of Early Marriage on Children's Sexual Health and Mechanisms of Deal with It. Iran J Med Law 2017; 10(40): 31-60.
http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-705-en.pdf
Child
Early Marriage
Sexual Health
Sexual Exploitation
Imamiya Jurisprudence
Human Rights
per
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2476-7158
2017-03
11
40
61
80
article
Genetic Research: From Ethical Criteria to European Court of Human Rights Jurisprudence
Amin Jafari
amin.jafari@atu.ac.ir
1
Zahra Parandak
2
Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabatabie’ University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding author)
Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Nowadays, the development of new technologies and sciences has had a great impact in human life. Genetic Science for instance, has significantly changed the medical world and provided better treatments. There is no doubt that genetics as a new and outstanding science offers helpful aids to humanities. The rising of numbers of genetic laboratories that offers medical and preventive services demonstrate the magnitude of this new arrival science. Having said that, it can be clearly seen the inevitable role of Genetic Science in recent medical development in treatment of some incurable diseases such as cancer diseases. Therefore, there is no exaggeration to say that a fundamental genetic change in a short time have created a new world for us.
However, the negative aspects of this science in human life should not be neglected. Although this development is positive for the human civilization, it has also brought some problems and challenges. This could be the ability of human to make its own organisms, which has provoked many religious and ethical concerns. For example, genetics enable us to produce its own human organism as clonage. This fact issued the ethical and religious concerns. In this context, legislators of different countries have created ethical roles and restrictions for geneticists to prevent these concerns. However, this restriction seems to be inadequate. So, how we could control the Genetic Science in a way that it can be useful for human life and also respect ethical values? However, the restrictions seems that it is not enough and the genetic concerns should be addressed with more restrictions.On the other hand, increased restrictions in terms of basic principles of human rights can also be problematic, itself. Study of some European court of human rights’ decision insist on the fact that the member states should review their restrictive policies in term of genetics. These limits are mainly in the area of privacy and a fair trial and particularly article 6 and 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
This article will review all limitations of genetic research in European countries.
Please cite this article as: Jafari A, Parandak Z. Genetic Research: From Ethical Criteria to European Court of Human Rights Jurisprudence. Iran J Med Law 2017; 10(40): 61-80.
http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-706-en.pdf
Genetic Research
Medical Ethics
Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
Genetic
per
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2476-7158
2017-03
11
40
81
109
article
Urban Environment in the Light of Citizenship Rights
Abbas Karimi
1
Gholamreza Kamyar
gkamyar@yahoo.fr
2
Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Law, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding author)
Predecessors Create Cities That All People Were Proud of Them. We Are Also Making History. Will Posterity Speak Proudly of Their Ancestors? Iranian Cities Gradually Keep Away from the Environmental Requirements and Their Fundamental Role as a Place of Tranquility and Improving Quality of Life. Extending the Cities without Rules, Selling the Law of the City, Encroachment on Forests and Natural Resources are Uncivilized Behavior and Unforgivable Mistake. Sovereignty in Creating the Balance between the Urban Environment and Organizing a Large Part of the Human Habitat has not been Successful. With the Power of Community, This Situation Will Be Better. The Result of Citizenship Rights is Participation in Urbanism, Urban Management and Efforts to Establish the Rule of Law and Remove Incompetent Managers. Making Citizenship and Moving toward an Efficient, Transparent and Comprehensive Legal System Provide a way to the Justice, Rule of Law, Security and compatible with Environment.
Please cite this article as: Karimi A, Kamyar GR. Urban Environment in the Light of Citizenship Rights. Iran J Med Law 2017; 10(40): 81-109.
http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-707-en.pdf
Citizenship Rights
Environmental Law
Urban Planning Law
the Right to Self-Determination
Air Pollution
per
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2476-7158
2017-03
11
40
111
135
article
Sanctions as State’s Violation of International Obligations in Protection of Human Rights
Seyed Ghasem Zamani
drghzamani@gmail.com
1
Kazem Gharib Abadi
2
Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
Pardis of University of Allameh Tabatabaei, Tehran, Iran
The main purpose of economic sanctions is to exercise pressure on one country or governing state to force it to abide by a specific attitude or action, and finally these are the people in target state who feel the severest consequences of sanctions. Human rights is one of the most important aspects of international law and a vital issue the international community is dealing with. Violation of basic principles of international law by imposing economic sanctions will fall also in the rein of international human rights.
Hence, it is necessary to note that Security Council, unilateral and secondary sanctions will have severe consequences on human rights.
In accordance with international law, the states are the main actors in the process of treaty building and the main task to ensure protection of human rights rests on them and they are legally responsible in case of its violation. Sanctions not only affect the life of those who live in the territory of the target state, but also affect the rights of individuals. This has been globally accepted that the comprehensive sanction regimes will have destructive effect on the enjoyment of right to health and right to food by the population in the target state. Sanctions have dramatic consequences on the rights which have been recognised by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights. Sanctions mostly endanger the right to life and severely affect the functioning of educational and health systems and diminish rights such as right to work, adequate life standards, development and self-determination.
Please cite this article as: Zamani SG, Gharib Abadi K. Sanctions as State’s Violation of International Obligations in Protection of Human Rights. Iran J Med Law 2017; 10(40): 111-135
http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-708-en.pdf
Sanctions
Human Rights
Legal Responsibility
Sanctions’ Effects
Smart Sanctions
per
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2476-7158
2017-03
11
40
137
156
article
La Convergence de L’économie de la Resistance et les Droits des Citoyennes
Mahmoud Abbasi
1
Navid Rahbar
navid.rahbar@gmail.com
2
Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran
Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding author)
Le pouvoir social d'un pays est l’un des éléments les plus importants pour parvenir à un développement durable. Le développement durable dépend de la réalisation du document de l’économie de la résistance de chaque pays. Tous les défis peuvent être résolus que par l'Etat qui peut résoudre les obstacles juridiques à l'utilisation du potentiel de la société civile dans la réalisation des objectifs de l’économie de la Résistance. Des mesures telles que : L'activation et la réadaptation des Forums et les associations, activation des ONG, Consultation et résoudre les obstacles juridiques, Comprendre la grande pouvoir sociale de la société civile, indépendance des syndicats, Garantir de la liberté d'expression et l'indépendance des médias Comme le bras pour prévenir la corruption, garantir les droits de l'homme et les droits des citoyennes, les droits du travail et les droits des femmes et des enfants, Utiliser des installations éducatifs appropriées.
Please cite this article as: Abbasi M, Rahbar N. La Convergence de L’économie de la Resistance et les Droits des Citoyennes. Iran J Med Law 2017; 11(40): 137-155.
http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-714-en.pdf
L’économie De La Resistance
Droits Des Citoyennes
Droits De L'homme
Développement Durable
per
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2476-7158
2017-03
11
40
157
178
article
Legal Guarantee of Cultural Rights Affecting Cultural Planning in Iranian Legal System
Mansoure Fasih Ramandi
fasih@ricac.ac.ir
1
Institute of the Culture, Art and Communication Tehran, Iran
The cultural rights is a new branch of the legal studies whose literature have been developed gradually during 1970s as a global spectrum of accepted rights namely from the time when the cultural development was set forwarded in general management issues and national and international level and was noted as a fundamental right by the UN and its affiliated commissions, UNESCO, international and local NGOs and there were taken measures for its recognition and execution in the form of convention approval, resolution and various declarations topped with Freiburg declaration and was defines as a human right to participate in the cultural life, protection of intellectual and material rights, education acquisition, and protecting lingual identity and traditions and customs. However, in the domestic legal level, the legislator has not discussed the cultural right separately and there are few researches performed on this topic. Investigating certain examples mentioned on the cultural rights, it is possible to obtain the legislator’s approach to the cultural rights in the Constitution in the form of people’s rights and certain regulations in the infralegislative level. The main focus of this research was to define the legal obligations of Islamic Republic for obtaining the cultural rights that given the diversity of examples of the cultural rights from one hand and given the priority and significance of some of those examples in the state cultural plans, right of education, right of participating in the cultural society life and freedom of speech will be discussed.
http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-715-en.pdf
Culture
Cultural Rights
Cultural Policy
Education
Cultural Participation
per
Dr. Mahmoud Abbasi
Medical Law Journal
2008-4390
2476-7158
2017-03
11
40
179
191
article
Principles and Characteristics of Citizenship Rights in Saadi\'s Bustan
Einollah Asadi Gorji
asadi5284@yahoo.com
1
Zeinab Babajani Gorji
2
Gorgan Branch of Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran. (Corresponding outhor)
Saveh Branch of Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
Being responsible is one of the most salient features of human and humanitarian governments. Sa'di, an experienced literary scholar, has a great deal of theories about citizenship rights. From his point of view, government should be responsible for people's problems and try to solve them. This study aims to analyze citizenship rights in Sa'di's Bustan. This research is a descriptive-analytical one based on documents. Impotence of this article is to analyze citizenship rights in Sa'di's Bustan that can be useful for nowadays governments. Authorities want to compare Sa'di's social viewpoints and citizenship rights with those of his utopia. The results show that purpose of legal regulations and common laws monitoring society is to keep human beings status, regulate social relations among individuals, and especially reach to equality and justice.
Please cite this article as: Asadi Gorji E, Babajani Gorji Z. Principles and Characteristics of Citizenship Rights in Saadi's Bustan. Iran J Med Law 2017; 11(40): 179-191.
http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-717-en.pdf
Saadi's Bustan
Citizenship Rights
Governor
Government