Background and Aim: Recent developments in neuroscience have contributed to the emergence of neurocriminology as an interdisciplinary approach to explaining criminal behavior. By focusing on neurobiological mechanisms that influence decision-making, behavioral control, and the perception of social norms, this approach provides an opportunity to reconsider traditional concepts of criminal law, including criminal maturity. This study aims to examine the influence of neurocriminological doctrines on the explanation of criminal maturity and to analyze the extent to which the provisions of the Islamic Penal Code are consistent with these doctrines.
Method: This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach and draws upon library-based research and relevant scholarly sources.
Ethical Considerations: Throughout the study, the principles of academic integrity, respect for intellectual property rights, accurate citation of sources, and avoidance of any distortion or misattribution of information were observed.
Results: The findings indicate that criminal maturity is a gradual and multidimensional process and cannot be established solely on the basis of religious or physical maturity. An analysis of Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code further demonstrates that concepts such as "understanding the prohibition and nature of the conduct" and "doubt regarding the maturity and full development of intellect" have the capacity to be interpreted consistently with the findings of neurocriminology and to accommodate the possibility that adolescents may not have attained full criminal maturity.
Conclusion: Incorporating the insights of neurocriminology into the interpretation and application of criminal law provisions can facilitate an individualized assessment of criminal maturity and contribute to more proportionate and equitable decision-making concerning adolescents.

Please cite this article as:
Keramati Moez H. The Role of Neurocriminological Doctrines in Explaining Criminal Maturity under the Islamic Penal Code. Medical Law Journal. 2026; 20: e63.